Apples have from about 27mg to 300mg per 100 grams fresh weight of of 'polyphenols' -substances in plants hypothesised to confer reduced cancer risk benefits ( tests with apple skin extract have been shown to inhibit various cancer cell lines in laboratory bench top tests. Whether ther is a significant effect in humans has not been shown, but it is at least suggestive. For perspective, of the data I have seen, one variety of plum analysed at 4mg/100grams fresh weight at the low end, and a particular variety of grape analysed at nearly 500mg per 100 grams fresh weight at the high end. Further investigations of the total anti-oxidant capacity ( a sum of it's vitamin C content and other phytochemicals, such as phenols-that turn the flesh brown when left in air- and flavenoids) Eating 100 grams of fresh red delicious apple with the skin on provides the total anti-oxidant activity equal to 1,500 milligrams of vitamin C. The phenolic component of the protective phytochemicals varies from season to season, and it would be reasonable to suppose it varies between different varieties. Medical testimony goes to show that in countries where cider not of the sweet sort is the common beverage, stone, or calculus, is unknown; and a series of enquiries among the doctors of Normandy, a great Apple country, where cider is the principal, if not the sole drink, brought to light the fact that not a single case had been met with there in forty years. Cider Apples were introduced by the Normans; and the beverage began to be brewed in 1284. The Hereford orchards were first planted "tempore" Charles I. A chance case of stone in the bladder if admitted into a Devonshire or a Herefordshire Hospital, is regarded by the surgeons there as a sort of professional curiosity, probably imported from a distance. So that it may be fairly surmised that the habitual use of natural unsweetened cider keeps held in solution materials which are otherwise liable to be separated in a solid form by the kidneys. Apples appear in many religious traditions, often as a mystical and forbidden fruit.
This tradition is reflected in the book of Genesis. Though the forbidden fruit in that account is not identified, popular European Christian tradition has held that it was an apple that Eve coaxed Adam to share with her. As a result, in the story of Adam and Eve the apple became a symbol for temptation, the fall of man into sin, and sin itself. In Latin, the words for "apple" and for "evil" are similar ("malus" - apple, “malum” - evil). This may be the reason that the apple was interpreted as the biblical “forbidden fruit”. The larynx in the human throat has been called Adam's apple because of a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit sticking in the throat of Adam. This notion of the apple as a symbol of sin is reflected in artistic renderings of the fall from Eden. When held in Adam's hand, the apple symbolizes sin. However, when Christ is portrayed holding an apple, he represents the Second Adam who brings life. This also reflects the evolution of the symbol in Christianity. In the Old Testament the apple was significant of the fall of man; in the New Testament it is an emblem of the redemption from that fall, and In America, "Apple Slump" is a pie consisting of apples, molasses, and bread crumbs baked in as such is also represented in pictures of the Madonna and Infant Jesus. This is known to New Englanders as "Pan Dowdy." An agreeable bread was at one time made by an ingenious Frenchman which consisted of one third of apples boiled, and two-thirds of wheaten flour.
It was through the falling of an apple in the garden of Mrs. Conduitt at Woolthorpe, near Grantham, Sir Isaac Newton was led to discover the great law of gravitation which regulates the whole universe. Again, it was an apple the patriot William Tell shot from the head of his own bright boy with one arrow, whilst reserving a second for the heart of a tyrant. Dr. Prior says the word Apple took its origin from the Sanskrit, Ap, "water," and Phal,--"fruit," meaning "water fruit," or "juice fruit"; and with this the Latin name Pomum from Poto, "to drink"--precisely agrees; if which be so, our apple must have come originally from the East long ages back. The botanical name of an apple tree is Pyrus Malus, of which schoolboys are wont to make ingenious uses by playing on the latter word. Malo, I had rather be; Malo, in an Apple tree; Malo, than a wicked man; Malo, in adversity. Or, again, Mea mater mala est sus, which bears the easy translation, "My mother is a wicked old sow"; but the intentional reading of which signifies "Run, mother! the sow is eating the apples." The term "Adam's Apple," which is applied to the most prominent part of a person's throat in front is based on the superstition that a piece of the forbidden fruit stuck in Adam's throat, and caused this lump to remain.